Facial analysis and its importance in orthodontic diagnosis

Abstract

The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review to discuss publications on the importance of assessing individual facial clinical characteristics to plan, intervene and finalize each orthodontic treatment. The chosen design was a narrative literature review. The search for articles was performed digitally, in the Virtual Health Library, Scientific Electronic Library Online and Google Scholar databases, using the following descriptors: self-image, dental aesthetics, malocclusion, interceptive orthodontics, anatomy, histology. Publications related to the objectives listed in this research were included, articles in Portuguese or English, with no publication limit, available in full text. Duplicate articles were excluded. According to the reviewed authors, there was unanimous agreement that the correct diagnosis of the facial pattern is essential when choosing the treatment, since the diversity of facial patterns exists, especially in Brazil, and is present in the routine of the dental office. Providing the change of the facial pattern aiming at better facial harmony, directly reflects on the tissues of the human body, allowing better choices about different types of treatment. According to the reviewed studies, it was possible to conclude that Orthodontics does not only deal with dental position, it goes much further. When the profile has major distortions, asymmetries and/or severe limitations, it is necessary to indicate orthognathic surgeries. Regardless of the orthodontic treatment option, there must be concern with the harmony of facial forms, which is why this topic has become so essential in Orthodontics.