Importance of the use of retainers after orthodontic treatment: a literature review

Abstract

To conduct a literature review regarding the importance of using retainers after orthodontic treatment. The chosen design was a narrative literature review. The search for articles was performed digitally in the Virtual Health Library, Scientific Electronic Library Online and Google Scholar databases, using the following descriptors: dentistry; orthodontics; retention; orthodontic appliances. Publications related to the objectives listed in this research were included, articles in Portuguese or English, published in the last 10 years, available in full text. Duplicate articles were excluded. According to the analysis of the reviewed literature, orthodontic retention is essential to maintain treatment results and prevent relapse, whether through fixed or removable retainers. During the orthodontic process, the teeth are moved to new positions, but the surrounding tissues, such as ligaments and bones, need time to adapt to these changes. Retainers help to keep teeth stable while these tissues restructure, preventing teeth from returning to their original positions. Without retainers, there is a high risk of relapse. Currently, there is not enough evidence in the literature to indicate the best type or regimen of retainers, therefore, each professional's approach will be influenced by their experience and clinical knowledge, as well as by the expectations and circumstances of their patients. Patient adherence to the use of retainers is crucial to ensure the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment.