Peri-implantitis: diagnosis and treatment - a literature review

Abstract

The use of osseointegrated implants has grown in recent decades, but along with this growth, some complications also arise. Peri-implantitis is one such complication, characterized by a bacterial infection that affects the soft and hard tissues around the implant, leading to loss of osseointegration. The etiological factor of this pathology is the accumulation of bacteria on the surface of the implant. Its development is also related to risk indicators, citing the history of periodontal disease as an example. For an accurate diagnosis, it is essential to consider these factors and perform a careful evaluation of the patient. In addition to being essential to implement individual risk assessment programs, incorporating the patient into a monitoring program. In these programs, several clinical and radiographic parameters are evaluated, aiming to intervene in the disease appropriately. Several therapies are proposed to minimize the sequelae left by peri-implant infection, including implant surface debridement, surgical access, implant surface conditioning, bone regeneration, use of topical and systemic antibiotics, as well as antiseptics. Given the importance of this subject, the aim of this study is to carry out a detailed literature review on the tools used for the diagnosis of peri-implantitis and, at the same time, make a critical approach to the various therapeutic possibilities available.